The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) pointed out that doing certain things constitutes polytheism, including: First: Incantation: The words that involve polytheism, which the people of jāhiliyyah would recite for treatment. Second: Amulets made of beads and the like: They are hung on children, animals, and other things to protect against the evil eye. Third: Love potions: They are made to endear one of the two spouses to the other. These things fall under polytheism, for they turn certain objects as causes, whereas they are neither Shar‘i causes established by proofs nor material causes proved by experiment. As for the Shar'i causes, like the recitation of the Qur'an, or the material ones, like the medicines proved by experiment, they are permissible, provided that we should believe that they are mere means. In contrast, benefit and harm are in Allah's Hands.